Report of
the 71st meeting of the CFHT SAC
Cassis
(France), 12-13 May 2007
The meeting was attended by SAC members Pierre-Alain Duc (vice-chair),
L. Ferrarese, C. Ftaclas, J. F. Gonzalez, C. Gry, H. Hoekstra, R.
Jedicke, Dae-Sik Moon, Denis Mourard and N. St-Louis (chair). Jeremy
Lim and Shiang-Yu Wang from the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy
and Astrophysics in Taiwan also attended the meeting. The CFHT
director C. Veillet, D. Salmon, J.-C. Cuillandre, Pierre Martin and
Hervé Haussel (for the LS steering group) participated in
presentations and discussions.
1.
Technical
Activities Report
SAC would like to see a
more detailed breakdown of the development priorities, with at least 3
categories. SAC suggests the following development priorities:
A
Elixir WIRCam/WirCam*
A
MegaPrime*
A
ESPaDOnS*
A
Elixir – ESPaDOnS / Queue ESPaDOnS
B
DIMM
B
VASAO/FlyEyes
C
Observatory Automation
C
ESPaDOnS from Prime
Derrick
Salmon reported on the technical activities of this semester. Work has
been carried out on the dome bogies that were displaced after the
October 15, 2006 earthquake. The underground conduit for OHANA is
now in place and work on the grounding grid repair as well as on the
installation of protective barrier posts is in progress.
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2.
Instrument and Project Reports
MegaPrime
Since the last SAC meeting, there
have been very few problems with Megaprime resulting in only a small
fraction of time lost to overheads. Also, a significant source of
the slowly degrading sensitivity of the camera has been identified
(this was particularly bad in the lower right corner of the mosaic); it
was very likely caused by fine aluminium powder on a camera window and
ISU plate from rubbing in the filter holder. After cleaning, an 8%
improvement in the sensitivity was measured (15% in the lower right
corner). A thorough maintenance teardown of the MegaPrime camera is
planned for next September and CEA has been invited to participate.
SAC is pleased about these
improvements and that a maintenance exercise is taking place in
September. We look forward to hearing about the outcome during
our next meeting.
We heard that an order was
placed
with CEA for the retrofitting of the rotating valves and for a spare
pulse tube. As for the flange problem, CFHT staff is working on printed
circuit boards, which will later be sent to CEA for inclusion in the
flanges. SAC supports and encourages these positive exchanges between
the two agencies.
J. -C. Cuillandre
presented the SNDICE (SuperNova Direct Illumination Calibration
Experiment) project aimed at improving the photometric accuracy of
MegaPrime data. The concept involves using LEDs covering the spectral
range of the camera to illuminate the primary mirror. Efforts are
mainly being carried out by the DICE team in France and therefore this
project does not represent a significant workload on CFHT staff.
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WIRCam
Except for the crosstalk problem,
WIRCam has been performing well in the past six months. The main
efforts have been directed towards the data reduction pipeline, now
renamed ‘I’iwi. Given the worries about the pipeline expressed during
its previous meeting, SAC views this as very positive
improvements. SAC was pleased to hear that there is now more staff
involved with WIRCam and its data reduction pipeline.
The
main problem that remains is crosstalk between the various amplifiers
of the array. The effect, which contributes positive or negative
signals, is difficult to see on individual images, and had thus so far
been underestimated. It is however clear when a large set of
images are stacked together and critical for deep cosmological
observations. Some encouraging improvements have been made,
particularly regarding the negative crosstalk, and staff is consulting
with people responsible for other IR cameras to seek advice.
SAC
Recommendation #1 -- WIRCam crosstalk SAC takes note that the negative
crosstalk for WIRCam has been reduced. SAC recommends that significant
efforts be made to further reduce any crosstalk. Hardware solutions
should be given priority over software corrections.
We were made aware
that another aspect of the WIRCam data reduction that is still not
included in the ‘I’iwi pipeline is the correction for non-linearity.
This should not represent a major time investment by the staff since
all the necessary data are in already in hand.
SAC Recommendation
#2 – Non-linearity correction of WIRCam data SAC recommends that a high priority be
given to including the non-linearity correction into the WIRCam ‘I ‘iwi
pipeline.
During discussions
concerning the crosstalk in the WIRCam data, it became clear that there
are some communication problems between the various parties involved
when problems with data quality assessment and data reduction
arise. To ensure the best quality of WIRCam as well as MegaPrime
reduced data, it is important that all parties be informed when a
problem is identified.
SAC Recommendation
#3 -- Reporting reduced data-quality issues SAC recommends that
CFHT clarify the reporting channel for quality issues for reduced data.
This channel should insure that all relevant parties (CFHT, Terapix and
CADC) are informed in a timely manner.
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ESPaDOnS
The operation of
ESPaDOnS has continued to be very stable in the past 6 months. Work has
been carried out to try to improve the throughput by a better alignment
of the fibres using the exposure meter. This seems to work well but the
required adjustments are extremely delicate to make. An attempt
has been made to implement a temperature-based focus model for ESPaDOnS
but did not succeed. Work will continue on this issue during the June
engineering run using data recently acquired.
We were also informed
about the results of
the poll carried out by Nadine Manset regarding the possible reduction
of the crosstalk in ESPaDOnS. Although a majority of users who
responded to the survey stated they could carry out their present
research projects with the current level of crosstalk, there was a
strong desire to see the crosstalk reduced to the 1% level.
Based on the response
from the community and on the fact that the crosstalk is significantly
lower in NARVAL, SAC recommends that efforts be made to reduce the
crosstalk between linear and circular polarisation in ESPaDOnS to the
1% level.
SAC was also presented with a progress report on running
ESPaDOnS in queue mode. In addition to the obvious benefits of
carrying out observations in queue in general, it is clear that many
ESPaDOnS programs would benefit from running in this mode since they
involve monitoring and time-constrained observations. We were
informed that significant steps forward have been made towards
incorporating ESPaDOnS in QSO. In particular, phase 2 tools have been
designed and are well advanced. Work on designing additional QSO tools
has also been carried out. The most challenging task will very
likely be to make ESPaDOnS work under the New Environment for Observing
(NEO) framework, i.e. to make communications between the instrument and
the TCS possible. If all goes well, tests should be carried out in
semester 2007B and ESPaDOnS should be offered in QSO for 2008A. The
first ESPaDOnS QSO run will most likely be carried out in the presence
of the PIs to avoid time lost to reliability issues.
SAC is
pleased with the rapid progress in preparing ESPaDOnS to operate in
queue mode and encourages the staff to pursue their efforts in this
direction. One crucial aspect of queue observing with ESPaDOnS is that
it requires an automated data reduction pipeline that can run under the
New Observing Process (NOP). SAC is worried that this might be a
problem within the current agreement for the Libre-Esprit software
package since CFHT staff does not entirely control the source code.
SAC Recommendation #5 --
ESPaDOnS -- Libre-Esprit software
There is an expectation that
ESPaDOnS will be run in queue mode and that it will likely be used for
Large Programs in the near future. SAC recommends that a mandatory
condition for this to occur is that CFHT gain more control over the
Libre-Esprit software for purposes of running the queue.
With ESPaDOnS operated
in queue mode, there will be even less opportunities for the staff to
interact with the CFHT community. To alleviate this problem, CFHT
encourages astronomers to come visit for a few weeks.
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FlyEyes
Since the last SAC meeting, the SDSU
controller code was completed and changes have been made to the
controller itself to correct timing problems in AO mode. An interaction
matrix generated with FlyEyes was shown to be nearly identical to one
generated with Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs). Finally, we were informed
that the AO loop has been closed early in 2007 using the AOB’s
artificial star. Poor weather has prevented further progress on this
aspect.
SAC congratulates Kevin Ho
and his group for this achievement.
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VASAO
Work has been carried out on two
aspects of the VASAO project. First, a seismometer consisting in
an inertial pendulum system was fabricated and has been functioning on
a lab bench in Waimea. The aim is to provide an inertial reference
frame for VASAO control. The next step is to install it on the
telescope and to acquire data.
The second part is the development of
a two-colour experiment. A pair of CCD cameras, one looking through a
blue filter and the other through a red filter, will be used to acquire
images of a bright star at a rapid frame rate. The differential
motion will be used to see if atmospheric tip/tilt corrections can be
obtained. Results may be obtained before the next SAC meeting.
The CFHT director also described an
option being considered in which a laser originally for the ELP--OA
project in France but that is not going to be used would be purchased
and used for testing the modeless laser concept of VASAO.
SAC approves the
limited level of activity on this project by CFHT staff and recognises
that the experiments taking place are interesting and represent crucial
steps towards demonstrating the feasibility of the VASAO concept.
SAC wishes to continue to be informed of the future development of the
project.
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OHANA
The OHANA
activities are continuing although no formal report was presented
during this SAC meeting. The CFHT director is taking a pro-active
role in discussions with other big telescope directors on the mountain
to encourage them to include this project in their future development
plans. The parties concerned seem generally responsive but need
to be convinced that some selective experiments that might not seem
immediately interesting scientifically represent crucial steps towards
the future success of this endeavour.
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DIMM
Progress
has been made on the DIMM telescope attached to the rotating
dome. After several attempts using five different modem systems,
communication problems between the moving and stable parts of the dome
were solved. Also, after problems with the Meade telescope controller,
mainly because the software is proprietary and cannot be accessed, it
was replaced by a Galil motion controller. The goal is to get the
system ready for the end of April and perform field tests. SAC is
pleased with these advances and looks forward to see the results of the
test at its next meeting.
SAC agrees
with this approach and encourage the continuing development of the
OHANA project.
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Telescope automation
The automation of the telescope is an
in-house project that is an intrinsic part of the Golden Age
plan. Steps towards reaching automation include making the
operations more robust and reliable. The initial goal is to
achieve remote observing by one observer from Waimea. If there is a
problem during the night, someone has to go to the mountain, of course,
but even that is rare these days as the staff is normally able to solve
problems remotely. Weather monitoring is also an issue: e.g. rain
or snow detection.
Activities have
been concentrated on determining the requirements to reach this goal.
Thirty systems that will be impacted have been identified.
Operating scenarios have also been identified with the aim of trying to
identify different situations that could occur during a night and how
they can be handled. The next step will be to determine how to
implement the necessary changes in terms of manpower, materials and
time. Initially, testing of remote observing would be carried out from
the summit.
SAC
Recommendation #6 -- Telescope automation SAC requests for the next
meeting a report on the telescope automation activities being carried
out by the staff. This should include a cost-benefit analysis and
a description of the benefits to be gained by implementing the
telescope automation.
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3. CFHT -- LS
Progress report
The steering group chair,
Hervé Aussel, presented the status report of the Legacy Survey
for the past 6 months. J. -C. Cuillandre has been elected to replace
him for next year, starting after the May Users/SAC meeting.
The
report included science highlights for each component of the survey. It is clear that the number of
publications being produced from survey data is increasing rapidly and
some papers have a very high impact. For example, for the SNLS, the
Astier et al. (2006) paper has received 352 citations, for the Wide
component, the Hoekstra et al. (2006) paper received 62 citations and
for the Deep component the Ilbert et al. (2006) paper received 29
citations so far. For the Very Wide, interesting results were
presented at the Users meeting and are described in a forthcoming paper
(Kavelaars et al. 2007). Also, there are indications that new
research projects are being carried out based on the CFHT-LS data,
confirming the legacy value of the survey. The scientific value of the
survey is widely acknowledged worldwide.
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Status
Concerning the status of the
observations, the SNLS and Deep components are on schedule to complete
the observations by the end of 2008A, as planned. The SNLS team
predicts that by the end of the survey, they will have
spectroscopically confirmed 500 new type Ia SNe. However, for the
Wide component the planned observations will not be entirely completed.
The Wide component will meet its goal (set by SAC at the mid-term
review) of a full coverage of the W1, W2, W3 and W4 fields in the g,
r/2 and i bands by the end of semester 2007B. The planned LS
observations in semesters 07A, 07B and 08A should allow the team to
complete the u/2 and z/2 observations of fields W2, W3 and W4 but they
will need an extension to complete the W1 field in 2008B in these
bands. The SG is requesting 50 hours during this semester to do
this. The need for such an extension had already been mentioned
in the previous report from the SG.
SAC was
also made aware that even after the initial validation by CFHT, a small
fraction of observations were subsequently rejected by Terapix as
non-compatible with the data quality standards set originally for the
survey. This generates some missing data, which need to be
re-observed. The steering group estimates that they will need
approximately 15 hours in semester 08A (which is part of their normal
allocation) and 15 hours in 08B (which they are asking in addition to
their request for an additional 50 hours) to re-observe these
fields. CFHT staff told SAC that they are not informed of the
reasons of these data rejections.
SAC Recommendation #7
-- CFHTLS Re-observations of fields SAC is surprised that some LS
images have been rejected by Terapix after being validated by CFHT
without any feedback to CFHT. We recommend that Terapix inform the
steering group and CFHT of the reasons for rejection. The
steering group should justify to SAC why the data cannot be used for
their science goals. Without
such a justification, the fields should not be re-observed.
The
justification of the request of an extra 50 hours of observations in
2008B is mainly to preserve the legacy value of the Wide component of
the LS data. It is important that the dataset remains homogenous in
quality and in depth to ensure its usefulness for future science
projects.
The SG also makes the case that if the
full CFHT—LS time allocation were granted in 2008B, it would be
possible to reach the full band coverage in z in the W1, W2 and W4
fields. To do this for the W3 field would require and additional
extension of 30-40 hours in 2009A. However, the scientific gain
of completing the full band z observations are not clear. Only very
marginal improvements would be gained on the accuracy of photometric
redshifts.
SAC Recommendation #8 -- CFHTLS Wide
extension
In order to preserve the legacy
value of the Wide component of the Legacy Survey, SAC recommends that
the 50-hour extension into 08B be granted to complete the coverage of
the W1 field. We do not recommend that the observations of the second
epoch of z be carried out.
Up to an additional 15 hours in
08B should be granted to re-observe the fields not validated by Terapix
if a sufficiently strong case is made to the SAC that the existing data
are unsuitable for the LS science goals. This recommendation also applies
to the 15 hours that are planned to be used in 08A to re-observe fields
not validated by Terapix.
The steering group
is also requesting an extension for the Very Wide component of the
survey to allow proper motion measurements to be made. Only one square
degree of the LS—VW is appropriate for such 3rd
epoch measurements. Such proper motion measurements would allow
the detection of ~50 new halo white dwarfs. The goal would be to assess
the contribution of compact stellar objects to the dark matter halo of
galaxies. More specifically, they are requesting 16 hours in 08A
and 36 hours in 08B. The SG argues that this would increase the
Legacy value of the VW data.
SAC Recommendation #9
-- CFHTLS Very Wide extension
Because the science being
proposed was not in the original allocation of the LS and was not
supported by the mid-term review, SAC does not support the proposed
Very Wide observations within the Legacy Survey.
SAC
would like to take this opportunity to remind the SG that their mandate
should extend to the end of the final data release. More specifically,
this corresponds roughly to one year after the end of the survey
(either 08A or 08B).
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Terapix activities
Concerning the T0004 data release
that should have been made in February 2007, Terapix has informed SAC
that it has been delayed to May 20, 2007 due mainly to the loss of 1.4
FTE during the last year.
SAC was
also informed that due to recent improvements in the Elixir flat
fielding and fringe corrections, all Megacam data will be reprocessed
starting in June 2007. This implies that the data will need to be
re-processed and re-graded by Terapix. Terapix is studying a
solution in which the Quality Fits for step1 would be run at CFHT and
the images graded by CFHT.
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CADC
A report of CADC activities associated
with CFHT was submitted to SAC. In the era of an increasingly large
fraction of queue observing, CADC is playing a very important role of
intermediary between the users and the facility. Nearly 100 % of CFHT
data are archived at CADC. For the LS, CADC is the sole
distributor of CFHT—LS imaging data, including Terapix stacks.
The CFHT—LS imaging collection is quite popular. The ultimate
goal is to fully automate data transfer, handling and distribution,
which would minimize personnel costs. The main emphasis in the
past 18 months was therefore aimed at improving the Terapix-CADC data
flow.
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CFHT / CADC / Terapix
communications
In view of recurrent communication
problems between CFHT, Terapix and CADC that could impede on the proper
delivery of data releases, steps have been taken to alleviate this
problem. An oversight group has been formed composed of the CFHT
director, C. Pritchet and H. Aussel. The mandate of this group is to
provide advice and if necessary arbitration between the different
groups regarding CFHT—LS data distribution. Videoconferences have been
taking place every two weeks and seem to have greatly improved the
situation.
SAC is
pleased that these measures have been taken and encourages the three
entities to continue in this vein until the final data products are
released.
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4. Telescope Use and Scheduling
Joint Canada-France proposals
Themembers of the SAC-TAC from Canada and
France met at the end of the first day of the meeting to discuss joint
Canada-France proposals. The informal discussions are viewed as a very
positive and extremely useful exercise and it is planned that these
meeting will continue in future semesters.
QSO
Pierre Martin presented the QSO
report. The second semester for which two instruments are being
fully offered in queue mode (06B) has been the most successful run for
Megacam since QSO has started.
The observing efficiency of Megacam
is considered to be fully optimized. In spite of some bad,
unpredictable weather and several time-critical observations, the A+B+C
programs were completed at 94%. The fraction of time lost to weather
and technical problems was as expected at 27% in 06B and the global
validation rate is excellent at 92%.
The 06B run was less successful for
WIRCam with one run lost to a technical problem with the cryogenic head
and several nights lost to bad weather. Some engineering time was used
to improve the guiding and to establish a focus model.
Nevertheless, the observing efficiency of WIRCam is constantly
improving and now reaches 80-85%. The fraction of time lost to weather
and technical problems was extremely high at 46% and the global
validation rate was 94%. The completion of A+B programs was 79%,
which is good considering the large number of nights lost to technical
problems.
Operational overheads for Megacam
have reached a level below which it will be difficult to make further
improvements. They are mainly dominated by filter changes.
Dome rotation and guide-star acquisition still contribute but at a much
smaller level. Focus sequences have been removed almost
completely from these statistics. For WIRCam, the overheads are
due to a two-step focus sequence, guiding acquisition and pointing
corrections and finally to dithering patterns; they still account for
about 25-30% of a night. A focus model has now been implemented saving
~ 30 minutes a night.
QSO
staffing is now satisfactory and stable with the recent renewal of two
experienced observers. The new Canadian resident astronomer,
Daniel Devost, has arrived and will start being trained for queue
coordination very soon.
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Balance of Agency time
A report presented to SAC by P.
Martin examined the possibility of balancing agency time on a yearly
timescale instead of a semester timescale. Presently, the balance is
done during each semester as much as possible; if this is not possible,
the situation is corrected during the next semester so in reality the
balance is achieved on a yearly timescale. In fact, the
experience of the staff is that if a strong unbalance is generated, it
could be difficult and even impossible to correct due to unpredictable
weather, so it is best avoided. For A programs, there is
generally no problem because they are similar in number between the C
and F agencies; B programs can suffer due to uneven pressure on a given
RA.
The conclusion of the report is that
it is likely that, for general PI observing, removing the
semester-by-semester balancing requirement would create more problems
than it would solve.
However
the conclusion reached by the QSO team for the CFHT – LS is
different. In order to ensure that the survey is finished by the
end of its assigned date, it is suggested that priority be given within
QSO to the CFHT – LS with respect to C and F PI programs, starting in
2008A.
SAC
Recommendation #10 -- CFHTLS completion
To ensure the completion of the
survey, SAC recommends that priority be given to LS over Canadian and
French PI programs in 08A and 08B.
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5. CFHT'S
Golden Age
No updated metrics and goals were presented at this
meeting; this will be done during the next fall meeting of SAC.
6. CFHT
8th User's Meeting - May 2007
Long-term options 2008-2012
During the 8th CFHT user’s
meeting, several possible Large Programs using the three main
instruments in usage at CFHT were presented. There were many
interesting ideas covering a large range of scientific subjects such as
Kuiper belt objects, brown dwarf and planet transits, stellar
magnetism, baryon oscillation and the nature of dark energy.
During the meeting, a discussion also took place on the near and
long-term future of CFHT. Those present clearly expressed their
interest for the existence of Large Programs in the near future
(2008-2012). However, there is also within the community a will
to reserve a large fraction of observing time for PI projects.
Interest
was also expressed for programs that are not necessarily large but can
span over more than one semester. Based on this and on input from
the TACs, SAC believes that some research project can be best served by
this type of program but that it needs to remain a small fraction of
the observing time that is allocated in this manner so that future TACs
do not have too little time to attribute.
SAC Recommendation #11 –
Small multi-year/long-term programs
SAC believes that the
implementation of small multi-year/long-term programs would be
beneficial to the science mission of CFHT. We recommend that each
agency allow its TAC to commit telescope time over more than one
semester. We suggest that in any given semester, the TAC allocates at
most one night per semester, up to 12B, with a total cumulative
allocation not exceeding 4 nights per agency per semester. Only
programs receiving top evaluations (A queue) should be granted
multi-year/long-term status. Multi-year/long-term programs approved in
the B or C queue will be granted time only for the current semester -
allocations over future semesters must be approved by that semester's
TAC. Multi-year/long-term programs do not need to ask for allocation
each semester to qualify.
SAC Recommendation #12 –
Large Programs
SAC recommends that participating agencies reserve 40% of
the observing time for Large Programs (of the order of 600 hours a
year) to be carried out over several semesters with any of the three
main instruments. We suggest the following:
·
Definition:
A Large program is a project that requires a minimum of
300 hours in total and does not extend beyond 12B.
·
Frequency of calls:
The call for proposals should be made once a year until
the fraction of time reserved for Large Programs has been allocated.
·
Proposal details:
·
The call for proposal should encourage Large Programs to be
collaborative efforts between all participating agencies.
·
The proposal should include a rough description of tasks to be
carried out by the members of the team.
·
An observing strategy and data reduction and management plans
should be provided and the proposers should consult CFHT and CADC
staff
if necessary to help in the preparation of the project.
·
Immediate access to pre-processed data by the participating
communities should be mandatory.
·
Process:
A) A call for letters of intent with a deadline of 15th
of October 2007 should be issued requesting a full list of
collaborators and up to 1 page of scientific description.
B) At the fall meeting, SAC will select and recommend to
the Board experts to be members of the large-program TAC (LPTAC). The
selection will be driven by the proposed research as described in the
letters of intent.
C) A first call for proposals should be issued with a
deadline of 1st February 2008.
D) Soon after, external referees (at least 3 per
proposals) should be selected by the LPTAC.
E) Proposed projects are discussed and critiqued by
participating TACs during their regular spring meeting. TACs should not
rank the proposals but should provide feedback to the LPTAC.
F) The LPTAC meets and selects the projects for a given
call. A technical evaluation carried out by CFHT staff should be part
of this process. The final selection should include a reasonable
balance of agency time. If less than the pre-allocated 40%
of time is allocated to Large Programs, the remaining observing time
will be used to execute regular PI programs, as ranked by the national
TACs.
·
Constitution of the LPTAC
The LPTAC should consist of: ITAC + 2 SAC members
(ideally Chair and Vice Chair) + CFHT Director (as a non-voting member)
+ experts from outside based on letters of intent (selected by Board
with advice from SAC).
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Beyond 2012
During the 8th Users
Meeting, there were several presentations on possible instruments for
the longer-term future of CFHT even though there is no formal process
yet for proposing future instruments. SAC views this as very
positive. There were several interesting suggestions such as using new
IR detectors, an Ultracam-type instrument, an IR spectropolarimeter, a
tachometer (network of 4m telescopes) and of course OHANA and VASAO.
Concerning the long-term future of
the CFHT after 2012, the SAC has the following views:
·
To be realistic we
think that it would not be effective to have an observatory
that is run like a service facility with a large suite of instruments that can serve a wide range
of needs.
·
In the context in which
C, F and H remain the main shareholders of the corporation we also
believe that a single instrument telescope would be unlikely to serve
the needs of the communities.
·
We believe that
concentrating on a small number (between 2 and 4) of unique instruments
on the telescope is the best way of maximizing the scientific return of
the telescope. These instruments should ideally take advantage of
CFHT’s unique site.
·
We
believe that there should be at least one new instrument.
SAC
Recommendation #13 – Feasibility studies for future instruments
SAC recommends that a call for
proposals for feasibility studies of new instruments be issued with a
deadline of 1st October 2007. The call should specify the
amount of money that CFHT is willing to contribute towards feasibility
studies and an estimate of the maximum amount of money that the
agencies are prepared to contribute to these instruments. The proposal
should include a complete science case. At its November meeting SAC
will select a small number of proposals for feasibility studies.
Next meeting
The next SAC meeting
will be held in Waimea either on 6, 7 and 8 November 2007.
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